Please note that during a particular semester I might choose to approach a topic somewhat differently than in the past. Also, I might to choose to emphasize different aspects of a term or subject than I have in the past. Therefore, some of the possible answers given to students in the past might not work in your class at all.
LeWay (Legitimate Way) was:
a. An organization formed by young Chinese Americans in San Francisco who wanted to save their local hangout. LeWay was an early example of 1960s Asian American activism.
b. An organization formed by Vietnamese Americans who wanted to ensure that refugees who came to the United States would petition through legal channels rather than arrive through illegal means.
c. An organization made up of young Japanese American men in the Los Angeles area that emphasized self-determination, organization, and self-help. They also started anti-drug and youth activities.
d. A loose social movement of Asian Americans in the 1960s who decided to challenge discriminatory laws through community activism similar to that of the Black Power movement.
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965:
a. A law that provided immigration relief for refugees from South Vietnamese whom the Communists might target after the end of the war. Eventually its provisions were extended to Laotians and Hmong as well.
b. A law that extended naturalizations rights to Chinese in America during World War II. The law also re-opened immigration to Chinese in limited numbers during and after the war.
c. A repeal of the earlier quota-based immigration systems that had been in place since the 1920s. The Act split the world into two hemispheres and gave large immigration quotas to each.
d. The act provided Japanese Americans who had been interned during World War II with reparations for their lost property and time. The act also provided an official apology to the internees.
Kenjinkai:
a. A primordial association that lobbied the CIA to help the Hmong flee from Laos after the U.S. pulled out of Vietnam.
b. A mutual interest association that helped Japanese Americans combat alien land acts and segregated schooling.
c. A primordial association formed by Japanese Americans that helped foster communal ties from those from the same prefecture.
d. A mutual interest association organized by Vietnamese and Laotian Americans to lobby the U.S. government to aid Indochinese refugees.
Hirabayashi vs. United States (1943):
a. Was the court case that tried the legality of the War Relocation Authority during World War II.
b. Was the court case that tried the legality of the military evacuation during World War II.
c. Was one of the two court cases that tried the legality of Executive Order 9066 during World War II.
d. Was one of the two court cases that tried the legality of the military curfew during World War II.
Volags were:
a. Voluntary organizations that helped Japanese farmers obtain farming land, learn farming techniques, and receive fair market value for their crops. Volags were very successful before WWII.
b. Voluntary organizations that helped Chinese Americans develop business links, navigate import-export laws, and create viable markets through franchising. Volags also helped with funeral arrangements.
c. Voluntary organizations that helped refugees come to the United States through financial, financial, and employment assistance. These included both public and private agencies.
d. Voluntary organizations that helped Asian War Brides acclimate to the United States before and after their arrival. Volags taught English, American cuisine, and U.S. customs and manners.
The Yellow Brotherhood was:
a. An organization made up of young Japanese American men in the Los Angeles area that emphasized self-determination, organization, and self-help. They also started anti-drug and youth activities.
b. An organization of Chinese-American men in the San Francisco area that operated laundries and small retail establishments. The “brotherhood” was based on Chinese regional ties.
c. The name the military gave to potential “fifth column” members of the Japanese American community before World War II. These were usually issei men who were heads of organizations or businessmen.
d. A name given to Korean heads of households who were responsible for lending out money to members of the community. These men also facilitated immigration by pooling their legal and business connections.
The Magnuson Act was:
a. A law enacted in 1916 that made it impossible for those of Asian (“Mongolian”) extraction to own land or businesses in the United States.
b. A law enacted in 1975 that allowed the United States to “assist” those in a “state of displacement due to political, environmental, or religious unrest.”
c. A law enacted in 1943 that re-opened Chinese immigration. The law also allowed some first-generation Chinese to become naturalized citizens.
d. A presidential decree enacted in 1980 that curbed imports from Asian countries (particularly Japan), increased tariffs, and purposely lowered the value of the dollar.
A Higuan (San-yi, Si-yi) is:
a. A primordial association that welcomed new immigrants, made funeral preparations, and offered credit pooling services.
b. A mutual interest association that welcomed new immigrants, made funeral preparations, and offered credit pooling services.
c. A primordial association that offered help to Chinese businessmen in the form of franchising, legal aid services, and export/import connections.
d. A mutual interest association that offered help to Chinese businessmen in the form of franchising, legal aid services, and export/import connections.
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
a. Partially reinforced the quota system of immigration established in 1924. Separated the world into two hemispheres, giving the western hemisphere an overall quota, but retaining the per-country quota system in the eastern hemisphere.
b. Extended naturalization rights to any remaining first-generation Asians who had lived in the United States for at least ten years. Gave non-naturalized residents the ability to move their immediate relatives to the United States so as long as they were “eligible for naturalization.”
c. Abolished the per-nation quota system for immigration established in 1924. Separated the world into two hemispheres and gave each a total quota, allowing a maximum of 20,000 to immigrate from any one country per year.
d. Allowed those in Indochina to emigrate to the United States if they were “oppressed by political derision” or “forced from their home due to the continuing conflict” in the region.
The Pensionado Act was:
a. A law that allowed resident Asian widows in the United States to legally marry an American so that they would not have to live on government-supplied money (aka “pensions”).
b. A law that allowed for some money to be given to Filipinos who were injured fighting the Japanese in World War II.
c. A presidential act that allowed retired Filipinos (or “Pensionados”) to own land in the sparsely-populated western United States (similar to homesteading) if they did not want to return to the Philippines.
d. A law that allowed government-sponsored Filipino students to come to the United States in order to further their studies.
Mrs. Livingston was:
a. An updated example of the “dragon lady” stereotype. Stern and mean, Mrs. Livingston ruled over the household with an iron and, perhaps, evil fist.
b. Was the widow of a World War II veteran who wrote several books in favor of Japanese internment and lobbied against reparations for those who lived in the camps.
c. A new stereotype of the “nerdish” female Asian who, despite her best intentions, couldn’t master the English language and customs and fell back on mathematics and science to help her gain the upper hand.
d. An excellent example of the modern stereotype of the meek Asian American who was an extension of the “lotus blossom” stereotype began much earlier.
The Gentlemen’s Agreement…
a. Generally halted male immigration from China since the agreement made it nearly impossible for Chinese males to enter the United States. Their wives, however, were exempt under the agreement.
b. Generally halted immigration from Japan since the agreement cut off laborers from that country and ensured that any Japanese leaving the United States could not re-enter except in very rare circumstances.
c. Generally halted male immigration from Japan since the agreement made it nearly impossible for Japanese males to enter the United States. Their wives, however, were exempt under the agreement.
d. Basically halted all immigration from Japan since it closed the final loophole in the Burlingame Treaty that allowed Japanese wives to enter the United States if their husbands were already located there.
Soka Gakkai…
a. Is a Japanese system of Buddhism that gained many Caucasian followers in the United States since it is one of the few varieties of Buddhism with missionaries who stress simple chants and devotion.
b. Is an Indian religious system based loosely on Hinduism that gained many Caucasian followers in the United States thank to its emphasis on chanting. Yoga lives on as a faint reminder of its influence.
c. Is a Chinese system of Buddhism that gained many Caucasian followers thanks to its emphasis on martial arts, particularly Kung Fu and Wing Chun, the martial art practiced by Bruce Lee.
d. Is a Japanese system of Buddhism that gained many Caucasian followers in the United States since it relies on meditative efforts centered on cultural expressions of art such as tea ceremonies and flower arranging.
Korematsu vs. United States (1943):
a. Was the court case that tried the legality of the War Relocation Authority during World War II.
b. Was the court case that tried the legality of the military evacuation during World War II.
c. Was one of the two court cases that tried the legality of Executive Order 9066 during World War II.
d. Was one of the two court cases that tried the legality of the military curfew during World War II.
In the Matter of Cha Jung Hee:
a. The real Cha Jung Hee was, perhaps, one different person other than the primary narrator of the documentary
b. Cha Jung Hee was finally rewarded at the end of the documentary for her efforts to find out her true name before her name was changed to Cha Jung Hee.
c. The real Cha Jung Hee was, perhaps, one of two different people other than the primary narrator of the documentary.
d. Cha Jung Hee was finally rewarded at the end of the documentary for her efforts to find her real mother who gave her up earlier in Korea.
T or F The Manzanar Pilgrimages weren’t really about the Manzanar internees to begin with. Instead, they were ways for Japanese American college students (usually third and fourth generation) to better understand their heritage. They only later became primary associated with those who were actually interned there.
T or F Charlie Chan was the embodiment of the “Yellow Peril.” Evil, cunning, conniving, and without ethics, Chan used his intellect to obtain power and wealth through evil deeds.
T or F Hiram Leong Fong, a Republican, was the first Asian American elected to the United States Senate.
T or F Bruce Lee attempted to write and star in his own TV series, Kung Fu, but after he died, the producers were forced to find a replacement and eventually chose David Carradine, a Caucasian American, instead.
T or F Mostly made up of Nisei, the Japanese Association of America advocated cooperation and acquiescence during the Japanese American interment process.
T or F The Cable Act specified that women who married men ineligible of citizenship could lose their citizenship under certain conditions.
T or F Charlie Chan was the embodiment of the “Yellow Peril.” Evil, cunning, conniving, and without ethics, Chan used his intellect to obtain power and wealth through evil deeds.
T or F The Burlingame Treaty encouraged China to send emigrants to the United States, but specifically withheld the provisions that they could become U.S. citizens.
T or F The Gentlemen's Agreement, signed between the United States and China, ensured that China would no longer issue exit visas to Chinese men seeking employment in the United States. For its part, the U.S. agreed to protect Chinese and to allow family members to join the Chinese already living in-country.
T or F Credit-Ticket Agreements were contracts primarily between Filipino workers and employers in which the Filipino agreed to work for a specific amount of time in order to pay an employer back for purchasing a trans-Pacific ticket.
T or F The Toyopet Crown and Datsun 1000, the first cars introduced by Toyota and Nissan into the United States, were very successful and laid the foundations for those two companies’ statuses in America today.
T or F Mostly made up of Nisei, the Japanese Association of America advocated cooperation and acquiescence during the Japanese American interment process.
T or F Volags used to help sponsor refugees to the United States were both private and public organizations.
T or F Daniel Inouye was the first Asian American elected to the United States Senate.
T or F Americanization was a concept (eventually formulated into practice) whereby “non-American traits, customs, and habits” would be completely eliminated.