Arnold, Bruce Makoto. "Materiel Matters. The Japanese State’s Evacuation of Elementary Schoolchildren During The Second World War." Anistoriton Journal 13 (2013): Viewpoints, No. 2.
Keywords: Japanese History, Social Military History, Second World War; Wartime Evacuation
When the Japanese state prepared for large-scale war with both China and, later, the United States, their belief that the ocean would protect the home islands from direct attack. Because of this, Japan stressed economic and mental preparation to its citizens and inculcated within them both a spirit of racial and ethnic superiority and an innate sense of duty and dedication to the state. However, when Allied bombers attacked Japan directly, the state chose to evacuate children to the countryside. Unfortunately, these evacuations were ill-prepared, underfunded, under-provisioned, and, worst of all, made the evacuees undesirable citizens who were not pulling their weight in the war effort. Still, through it all, the Japanese state thought of children as war materiel, and not as a part of a post-defeat future. In the end, the Japanese state used evacuated children to support its war efforts and cared little for their education or wellbeing.
Link: https://www.academia.edu/5250853/Materiel_Matters._The_Japanese_State_s_Evacuation_of_Elementary_Schoolchildren_During_The_Second_World_War
Keywords: Japanese History, Social Military History, Second World War; Wartime Evacuation
When the Japanese state prepared for large-scale war with both China and, later, the United States, their belief that the ocean would protect the home islands from direct attack. Because of this, Japan stressed economic and mental preparation to its citizens and inculcated within them both a spirit of racial and ethnic superiority and an innate sense of duty and dedication to the state. However, when Allied bombers attacked Japan directly, the state chose to evacuate children to the countryside. Unfortunately, these evacuations were ill-prepared, underfunded, under-provisioned, and, worst of all, made the evacuees undesirable citizens who were not pulling their weight in the war effort. Still, through it all, the Japanese state thought of children as war materiel, and not as a part of a post-defeat future. In the end, the Japanese state used evacuated children to support its war efforts and cared little for their education or wellbeing.
Link: https://www.academia.edu/5250853/Materiel_Matters._The_Japanese_State_s_Evacuation_of_Elementary_Schoolchildren_During_The_Second_World_War